Langues and Cultures in the Internet 2005

	Results of the Culture study

Literature personalities

september 2001 july 2005 personalities sites winning or losing places since 1998 % 98/01  personalities sites  winning or losing places since 2001 % 01/05  1 William Shakespeare 174817 0 372% 1 William Shakespeare 2020000 0 1155% 2 Victor Hugo 117346 1 397% 2 Ren� Descartes 1950000 26 4844% 3 Oscar Wilde 114535 -1 381% 3 Gabriel Garc�a M�rquez 1738000 34 5321% 4 Charles Dickens 110149 2 441% 4 Oscar Wilde 1280000 -1 1118% 5 William James 90039 0 319% 5 J.r.r. Tolkien 1160000 7 1821% 6 James Joyce 76712 2 332% 6 Victor Hugo 1150000 -4 980% 7 Ernest Hemingway 70145 7 397% 7 Lord Byron 1140000 14 2591% 8 Walt Whitman 69091 -1 265% 8 Charles Dickens 1130000 -4 1026% 9 Edgar Poe 68758 -5 200% 9 Paulo Coelho 1080000 53 5742% 10 Henry James 65476 1 313% 10 Immanuel Kant 1072300 20 2801% 11 Bernard Shaw 65155 4 380% 11 Julio Verne 1030000 2 1736% 12 J.r.r. Tolkien 63709 8 552% 12 Pablo Neruda 992000 22 2789% 13 Julio Verne 59329 3 346% 13 Aldous Huxley 960000 5 2067% 14 Isaac Asimov 52578 -4 224% 14 Ann Rice 889800 5 1953% 15 Lewis Carroll 51798 -2 248% 15 Friedrich Nietzsche 848000 17 2299% 16 Jack London 49766 1 333% 16 Lewis Carroll 828000 -1 1599% 17 Agatha Christie 46866 -8 172% 17 Dante Alighieri 814000 6 1895% 18 Aldous Huxley 46436 6 461% 18 Edgar Poe 802300 -9 1167% 19 Ann Rice 45560 -7 197% 19 Christian Andersen 791000 21 2549% 20 Rudyard Kipling 44281 -2 334% 20 Bertrand Russell 786000 7 1929% 21 Lord Byron 44001 0 373% 21 James Joyce 779000 -15 1015% 22 Franz Kafka 43320 4 424% 22 Albert Camus 770000 7 1928% 23 Dante Alighieri 42944 6 435% 23 Ernest Hemingway 753000 -16 1073% 24 Jean Paul Sartre 41666 11 497% 24 Franz Kafka 743000 -2 1715% 25 Antoine De Saint Exupery 41031 34 944% 25 Bertolt Brecht 741110 8 2050% 26 John Steinbeck 40880 1 397% 26 Agatha Christie 736000 -9 1570% 27 Bertrand Russell 40742 -8 306% 27 Miguel De Cervantes 734000 23 3070% 28 René Descartes 40258 0 396% 28 Rudyard Kipling 727000 -8 1642% 29 Albert Camus 39948 4 463% 29 John Steinbeck 727000 -3 1778% 30 Immanuel Kant 38282 119 5073% 30 Walt Whitman 723000 -22 1046% 31 William Faulkner 37611 -9 315% 31 Bernard Shaw 704000 -20 1081% 32 Friedrich Nietzsche 36889 5 468% 32 Alejandro Dumas 690500 9 2261% 33 Bertolt Brecht 36146 -10 314% 33 Jean Paul Sartre 683000 -9 1639% 34 Pablo Neruda 35572 2 441% 34 Isaac Asimov 674000 -20 1282% 35 Tennessee Williams 35445 -10 328% 35 Guimar�es Rosa 664000 70 8269% 36 Samuel beckett 33724 -4 356% 36 William James 658000 -31 731% 37 Gabriel García Márquez 32660 2 421% 37 Jack London 652000 -21 1310% 38 Henry Miller 32055 -8 329% 38 William Faulkner 651000 -7 1731% 39 John Dewey 31465 -8 322% 39 Henry James 632000 -29 965% 40 Christian Andersen 31035 -6 338% 40 Paul Val�ry 597000 19 2912% 41 Alejandro Dumas 30538 1 491% 41 Federico Garc�a Lorca 590000 7 2409% 42 Jorge Luis Borges 30292 2 512% 42 Charlotte Bronte 586000 15 2773% 43 Washington Irving 30185 2 517% 43 Jean Jacques rousseau 576000 1 1957% 44 Jean Jacques Rousseau 29439 -3 442% 44 Jorge Luis borges 566000 -2 1868% 45 Marcel Proust 27724 9 556% 45 Samuel Beckett 561000 -9 1664% 46 Jonathan Swift 27308 -8 329% 46 Antoine De Saint Exupery 518000 -21 1262% 47 Jean Cocteau 24770 1 438% 47 Jos� Saramago 517000 16 2755% 48 Federico García Lorca 24490 9 500% 48 Henry Miller 514000 -10 1603% 49 Andrés Bello 24035 -2 422% 49 Tennessee Williams 509000 -14 1436% 50 Miguel De Cervantes 23911 5 469% 50 Honor� De Balzac 508000 21 3024% 51 Ezra Pound 23427 -11 299% 51 Jonathan Swift 493000 -5 1805% 52 Fernando Pessoa 22500 1 421% 52 Andr�s Bello 486000 -3 2022% 53 John Updike 22450 -4 391% 53 Marcel Proust 476000 -8 1717% 54 Octavio Paz 21734 4 440% 54 Emile Zola 474000 1 2202% 55 Emile Zola 21521 -5 377% 55 Niccol� Machiavelli 466600 24 3306% 56 Robert Heinlein 21289 -13 321% 56 Julio Cort�zar 432000 29 3544% 57 Charlotte Bronte 21134 -5 387% 57 Charles Baudelaire 430000 12 2422% 58 Roland Barthes 21034 -12 355% 58 John Dewey 423000 -19 1344% 59 Paul Valéry 20498 -3 400% 59 Andr� Breton 416000 21 2963% 60 Vladimir Nabokov 19702 9 480% 60 Jean Cocteau 402000 -13 1623% 61 George Sand 19165 5 448% 61 Jacques Pr�vert 392000 80 8197% 62 Paulo Coelho 18808 34 924% 62 Ezra Pound 372000 -11 1588% 63 José Saramago 18765 64 1598% 63 George Sand 356300 -2 1859% 64 Norman Mailer 18645 -13 320% 64 Fernando Pessoa 347000 -12 1542% 65 Martin Heidegger 18568 -4 380% 65 Truman Capote 342000 5 1952% 66 Rainer Maria Rilke 18207 -2 416% 66 Roland Barthes 333000 -8 1583% 67 Carlos Fuentes 18143 1 431% 67 Rainer Maria rilke 328000 -1 1802% 68 Harriet Beecher Stowe 17839 -5 375% 68 Camilo Jos� cela 314000 41 4032% 69 Charles Baudelaire 17757 -2 415% 69 Soren Kierkegaard 311000 13 2336% 70 Truman Capote 17522 -8 356% 70 Washington Irving 310000 -27 1027% 71 Honoré de Balzac 16797 20 765% 71 Norman Mailer 307000 -7 1647% 72 Mario Vargas Llosa 16771 23 801% 72 Andr� Gide 297100 5 1965% 73 Harold Pinter 16522 5 510% 73 John Updike 286000 -20 1274% 74 Dario Fo 16210 -3 422% 74 Vladimir Nabokov 277000 -14 1406% 75 Machado De Assis 16016 9 590% 75 Martin Heidegger 272000 -10 1465% 76 Stephen Crane 15535 -16 297% 76 Octavio Paz 270000 -22 1242% 77 André Gide 15122 -5 418% 77 Fran�ois Rabelais 268000 24 3048% 78 Jorge Amado 14561 16 679% 78 Jos� Ortega y gasset 251000 28 3184% 79 Niccolò Machiavelli 14114 -5 399% 79 Luigi Pirandello 240000 15 2273% 80 André Breton 14039 -5 402% 80 Eugène Ionesco 239380 20 2717% 81 Arthur Rimbaud 13383 -5 379% 81 Mario Vargas llosa 231000 -9 1377% 82 Soren Kierkegaard 13315 -17 279% 82 Arthur Rimbaud 227000 -1 1696% 83 Gabriela Mistral 13201 4 543% 83 Saul Bellow 211000 1 1608% 84 Saul Bellow 13121 -3 424% 84 Carlos Fuentes 207000 -17 1141% 85 Julio Cortázar 12191 1 471% 85 Dario Fo 205000 -11 1265% 86 Jacques Lacan 12116 -7 353% 86 Kurt G�del 203350 37 3045% 87 Françoise Sagan 11746 77 2047% 87 Robert Heinlein 201000 -31 944% 88 Mircea Eliade 11477 -6 370% 88 Harriet Beecher Stowe 198000 -20 1110% 89 James Ellroy 11289 -16 292% 89 Juan Ram�n Jim�nez 198000 14 2370% 90 Anais Nin 11225 -20 244% 90 Harold Pinter 197000 -17 1192% 91 Marguerite Duras 10836 -14 299% 91 James Ellroy 195000 -2 1727% 92 Boris Vian 10653 12 581% 92 R�mulo Gallegos 191500 30 2861% 93 Michel De Montaigne 10585 -10 356% 93 Jean De la Fontaine 189000 3 1820% 94 Luigi Pirandello 10558 -2 450% 94 Anais Nin 185000 -4 1648% 95 Monteiro Lobato 10454 29 805% 95 Fran�oise Sagan 185000 -8 1575% 96 Jean de la Fontaine 10385 25 722% 96 Michel De Montaigne 183100 -3 1730% 97 Sinclair Lewis 10305 -17 310% 97 Robert Crumb 179000 40 3290% 98 Richard Rorty 9368 -13 330% 98 Boris Vian 175000 -6 1643% 99 Gabriele D'Annunzio 8832 6 470% 99 Italo Svevo 174000 58 4879% 100 Eugène Ionesco 8809 -2 402% 100 C�sar Vallejo 172800 32 2956% 101 François Rabelais 8793 -8 369% 101 Ken Wilber 165000 15 2233% 102 Miguel De Unamuno 8611 -2 419% 102 Jacques Lacan 162000 -16 1337% 103 Juan Ramón Jiménez 8355 7 505% 103 Monteiro Lobato 161000 -8 1540% 104 Theodore Dreiser 8217 -7 359% 104 Stephen Crane 160000 -28 1030% 105 Guimarães Rosa 8030 28 703% 105 Alessandro Baricco 160000 47 4159% 106 José Ortega y Gasset 7884 -16 299% 106 Gabriele D'annunzio 159000 -7 1800% 107 George Santayana 7824 -18 289% 107 Giacomo Leopardi 158000 7 2081% 108 Paul Eluard 7791 5 473% 108 Jorge Casta�eda 157700 18 2406% 109 Camilo José Cela 7788 7 488% 109 Gabriela Mistral 157000 -26 1189% 110 Herbert Marcuse 7728 4 476% 110 Marguerite Duras 155000 -19 1430% 111 Marcel Pagnol 7694 11 522% 111 Machado De Assis 151000 -36 943% 112 Carlo Goldoni 7658 5 486% 112 Paul Eluard 149000 -4 1912% 113 Henri Bergson 7598 -5 433% 113 Alberto Moravia 149000 27 3045% 114 Giacomo Leopardi 7592 -2 456% 114 Marcel Pagnol 144000 -3 1872% 115 Benedetto Croce 7562 -8 429% 115 Edgar Morin 142000 3 2039% 116 Ken Wilber 7389 -17 344% 116 Herbert Marcuse 138000 -6 1786% 117 Paul claudel 7215 -2 439% 117 Sinclair Lewis 137000 -20 1329% 118 Edgar Morin 6963 7 520% 118 Giovanni Verga 137000 45 4159% 119 Jean Racine 6877 9 540% 119 Alessandro Manzoni 136000 15 2439% 120 Nelson Rodrigues 6853 20 698% 120 Richard Rorty 135000 -22 1441% 121 Louis Aragon 6728 -18 316% 121 Luis De cam�es 132400 38 3774% 122 Rómulo Gallegos 6693 8 547% 122 Mircea Eliade 131000 -34 1141% 123 Kurt Gödel 6678 43 1152% 123 Ernesto S�bato 130200 8 2171% 124 Fernand Braudel 6614 -13 381% 124 George Santayana 130000 -17 1662% 125 Boris Pasternak 6602 -6 419% 125 Jorge Amado 130000 -47 893% 126 Jorge Castañeda 6554 50 1379% 126 Leonardo Sciascia 123000 32 3449% 127 Marguerite Yourcenar 6372 -7 403% 127 Miguel De Unamuno 123000 -25 1428% 128 Alfred Jarry 6310 -40 208% 128 Marguerite Yourcenar 121000 -1 1899% 129 Garcilaso De La Vega 6104 15 657% 129 Cesare Pavese 120000 1 1977% 130 Cesare Pavese 6070 -7 396% 130 Henri Bergson 116000 -17 1527% 131 Ernesto Sábato 5998 16 678% 131 Benedetto Croce 116000 -16 1534% 132 César Vallejo 5845 3 489% 132 Carlo Goldoni 116000 -20 1515% 133 John Dos Passos 5715 -1 470% 133 Giovanni Boccaccio 105000 3 1916% 134 Alessandro Manzoni 5575 5 542% 134 Tirso De Molina 105000 1 1884% 135 Tirso De Molina 5572 -34 237% 135 Louis Aragon 104000 -14 1546% 136 Giovanni Boccaccio 5480 -5 443% 136 Andrea De Carlo 104000 72 11765% 137 Robert Crumb 5441 -35 232% 137 Theodore Dreiser 101000 -33 1229% 138 Hart Crane 5267 -29 271% 138 Paul Claudel 99600 -21 1380% 139 Alejo Carpentier 5218 6 554% 139 P�o Baroja 99600 12 2572% 140 Alberto Moravia 4893 3 505% 140 Giovanni Pascoli 98800 13 2585% 141 Jacques Prévert 4782 -35 211% 141 Alejo Carpentier 97900 -2 1876% 142 Baruch Spinoza 4758 31 916% 142 Baruch Spinoza 96900 0 2037% 143 Eugenio Montale 4725 -9 376% 143 Boris Pasternak 94100 -18 1425% 144 William Saroyan 4696 -18 321% 144 Giuseppe Ungaretti 92600 34 3863% 145 Tristan Tzara 4643 -16 337% 145 Eugenio Montale 90900 -2 1924% 146 Pierre Corneille 4590 0 482% 146 Fernand Braudel 89800 -22 1358% 147 Raymond Aron 4394 -5 424% 147 Pedro Calder�n De La Barca 88900 18 2906% 148 Hermanos Grimm 4271 -12 347% 148 Jean Racine 88600 -29 1288% 149 Friedrich Hegel 4183 -1 451% 149 Friedrich Hegel 83000 0 1984% 150 Camilo Castelo Branco 3963 9 546% 150 Carlo Collodi 76600 10 2251% 151 Pío Baroja 3873 24 772% 151 Raymond Aron 74600 -4 1698% 152 Alessandro Baricco 3847 16 632% 152 Ludovico Ariosto 73400 21 2750% 153 Giovanni Pascoli 3822 10 582% 153 Pierre Corneille 72400 -7 1577% 154 Massimo Cacciari 3781 2 490% 154 Nelson Rodrigues 72000 -34 1051% 155 Blaise Cendrars 3765 -5 412% 155 Romain Gary 71400 31 3526% 156 Grazia Deledda 3580 -19 276% 156 Dacia Maraini 70700 10 2314% 157 Italo Svevo 3566 -6 385% 157 Jos� Carlos Mari�tegui 68600 31 3513% 158 Leonardo Sciascia 3566 7 561% 158 Garcilaso De la Vega 68200 -29 1117% 159 Luís de Camões 3508 -41 175% 159 Luis De G�ngora 67200 8 2322% 160 Carlo Collodi 3403 -3 435% 160 Emilio Salgari 66800 42 4655% 161 Jo�o Cabral de Melo Neto 3393 17 671% 161 Alfred Jarry 66300 -33 1051% 162 Juan Goytisolo 3377 8 576% 162 Hart Crane 63800 -24 1211% 163 Giovanni Verga 3294 -11 392% 163 Blaise Cendrars 61700 -8 1639% 164 Paul Feyerabend 3126 -26 255% 164 Léon Tolstoi 61400 28 3681% 165 Pedro Calder�n de la Barca 3059 32 1028% 165 John Dos Passos 61000 -32 1067% 166 Dacia Maraini 3055 -4 442% 166 Tristan Tzara 60700 -21 1307% 167 Luis De G�ngora 2894 14 605% 167 William Saroyan 59300 -23 1263% 168 Antero De Quental 2815 -27 230% 168 Jo�o Cabral De Melo Neto 57400 -7 1692% 169 Dino Buzzati 2812 -9 372% 169 Hermanos Grimm 53900 -21 1262% 170 Julie Green 2730 -15 317% 170 Salvatore Quasimodo 52200 1 1933% 171 Salvatore Quasimodo 2701 -4 413% 171 Jos� Mar�a arguedas 50800 25 3366% 172 Miguel Angel asturias 2674 -19 301% 172 Dino Buzzati 50600 -3 1799% 173 Ludovico Ariosto 2669 -15 321% 173 Grazia Deledda 49200 -17 1374% 174 Vicente Huidobro 2664 3 502% 174 Juan Goytisolo 45800 -12 1356% 175 Michael Polanyi 2623 -21 296% 175 Pierre De Ronsard 45300 1 1747% 176 Pierre De Ronsard 2593 12 669% 176 Susanna Tamaro 45100 5 1973% 177 Fernando De Rojas 2531 6 547% 177 Giovanni Gentile 43800 3 1890% 178 Giuseppe Ungaretti 2397 -4 438% 178 Julie Green 41900 -8 1535% 179 Charles Pierce 2319 -8 381% 179 Paul Feyerabend 40800 -15 1305% 180 Giovanni Gentile 2317 15 677% 180 Alvaro Mutis 40500 17 2709% 181 Susanna Tamaro 2286 -12 341% 181 Elsa Morante 39600 4 1892% 182 Alphonse De Lamartine 2242 7 573% 182 Miguel Angel Asturias 39600 -10 1481% 183 Gonzalo De berceo 2240 -3 413% 183 Camilo Castelo Branco 38900 -33 982% 184 Greg�rio De matos 2136 12 626% 184 Michael Polanyi 37300 -9 1422% 185 Elsa Morante 2093 9 597% 185 Massimo Cacciari 36000 -31 952% 186 Romain Gary 2025 -1 468% 186 Alphonse De Lamartine 34700 -4 1548% 187 Jos� Lins do rego 1981 13 676% 187 Filippo Tommaso Marinetti 34400 13 2376% 188 Jos� Carlos mari�tegui 1953 -27 232% 188 Jos� Lins do Rego 33600 -1 1696% 189 Francesco De sanctis 1796 -3 413% 189 Ram�n Del Valle Incl�n 32600 10 2239% 190 Jaime Torres bodet 1764 -11 303% 190 Charles Pierce 31500 -11 1358% 191 Inca Garcilaso de la vega 1669 0 419% 191 Carlo Emilio Gadda 31400 7 2126% 192 Léon Tolstoi 1668 -10 323% 192 Antonio Lobo Antunes 30700 18 4501% 193 Edmundo De Amicis 1631 8 542% 193 Vicente Huidobro 29800 -19 1119% 194 Augusto RoaBastos 1603 -7 364% 194 Eduardo Louren�o 29600 10 2296% 195 Curzio Malaparte 1519 -3 401% 195 Augusto Roa Bastos 28400 -1 1772% 196 Jos� Mar�a arguedas 1509 -6 368% 196 Edmundo De Amicis 28100 -3 1723% 197 Alvaro Mutis 1495 -25 217% 197 Greg�rio De Matos 26800 -13 1255% 198 Carlo Emilio Gadda 1477 5 505% 198 Inca Garcilaso de la Vega 25800 -7 1546% 199 Ram�n Del Valle incl�n 1456 0 455% 199 Francesco De Sanctis 25200 -10 1403% 200 Filippo Tommaso Marinetti 1448 4 498% 200 Antero De Quental 25100 -32 892% 201 Leopoldo Zea 1447 -17 278% 201 Fernando De Rojas 23900 -24 944% 202 Emilio Salgari 1435 -4 443% 202 Gonzalo De Berceo 23100 -19 1031% 203 Eugene O'neil 1356 -10 350% 203 Curzio Malaparte 19600 -8 1290% 204 Eduardo Louren�o 1289 3 596% 204 Emil Cioran 18900 1 1740% 205 Emil Cioran 1086 0 419% 205 Nicolas Boileau 17900 2 1939% 206 Ana Blandiana 953 0 406% 206 Jaime Torres Bodet 15000 -16 850% 207 Nicolas Boileau 923 5 515% 207 Ana Blandiana 12900 -1 1354% 208 Andrea De Carlo 884 1 410% 208 Agustina Bessa luis 12800 8 3902% 209 Mircea Dinescu 846 2 438% 209 Mircea Dinescu 12000 0 1418% 210 Antonio Lobo Antunes 682 -8 177% 210 Sidonie Gabrielle Colette 11800 1 1928% 211 Sidonie Gabrielle Colette 612 5 572% 211 Eugene O'neil 11400 -8 841% 212 Octavian Paler 585 1 339% 212 Leopoldo Zea 10100 -11 698% 213 Gabriel Liiceanu 522 1 295% 213 Nuno Judice 8510 9 5065% 214 Panait Istrati 447 1 295% 214 Luis Emilio Recabarren 7810 3 3137% 215 Petru Popescu 383 -5 122% 215 Gabriel Liiceanu 6890 -2 1320% 216 Agustina Bessa Luis 328 -8 87% 216 Clarise Lispector 6180 3 2915% 217 Luis Emilio Recabarren 249 4 758% 217 Panait Istrati 6120 -3 1369% 218 Pierre Marivaux 226 0 326% 218 Petru Popescu 5820 -3 1520% 219 Clarise Lispector 212 4 748% 219 Octavian Paler 5130 -7 877% 220 Petru Dumitriu 181 -1 262% 220 Pierre Marivaux 3560 -2 1575% 221 Gian Battista vico 170 -1 385% 221 Virgil Tanase 3360 2 4541% 222 Nuno Judice 168 -5 97% 222 Gian Battista Vico 1230 -1 724% 223 Virgil Tanase 74 -1 184% 223 Jose Maria eca de Queiroz 973 2 2948% 224 Constantin Codrescu 35 4 0% 224 Petru Dumitriu 738 -4 408% 225 Jose Maria Eca De Queiroz 33 -1 266% 225 Constantin Codrescu 374 -1 1069% 226 Augusto Salazar Bondi 8 0 0% 226 Augusto Salazar Bondi 35 0 438% 227 Ligia Clarke 5 -2 400% 227 Ligia Clarke 13 0 260% 228 Sofia De Mello Bryner 5 -1 0% 228 Sofia De Mello Bryner 9 0 180%   TOTAL 3752201 383% TOTAL 65323792 1741%